4. The Hubble Space Telescope can look back in time in a sense.
I'm skeptical about what you mean on this one. The telescope focuses light differently than the human eye, but it cannot somehow "see" light that has not yet reached the lens.
And as for string theory, its is incredibly complicated, but the most basic gist is that our multidimensional space is comprised of 1 dimensional strings of energy instead of the classically accepted 0 dimensional point.
There are some other basic tenants accepted by string theorists, such as the set length of the strings (Plank Length, also complicated) and that they vibrate at resonant frequencies.
Theres a lot more to it, but there are also quite a few variations and disagreements.